Pengkomposan adalah pilihan utama bagi kebanyakan orang untuk menangani najis haiwan, seperti najis ternakan dan najis ayam. Kerana baja akan menjadi kompos yang mengandungi nutrien tumbuhan yang diperlukan dan boleh digunakan sebagai baja organik. Secara ringkasnya, pengkomposan adalah proses semula jadi, di mana mikroorganisma mengurai bahan organik dalam baja kepada humus dalam keadaan terkawal. Ia baik untuk tanah dan tumbuhan. Oleh itu, anda boleh menggunakannya sebagai baja asas di tanah anda sendiri, atau anda boleh menghasilkan baja organik beg yang boleh dipasarkan. Untuk sistem pengkomposan baja, anda boleh mengetahuinya dari aspek berikut, termasuk proses pengkomposan, kaedah pengkomposan, mesin yang digunakan dalam pengkomposan, keadaan pengkomposan, dan pemprosesan mendalam selepas pengkomposan.
Apakah proses pengkomposan lengkap untuk menukar baja kepada baja?
Jika anda ingin membuat kompos najis haiwan (seperti kompos baja babi, pengkomposan tahi lembu dan kompos baja kuda), anda perlu melakukan kerja-kerja berikut, termasuk mengumpul baja (dan tempat tidur) dari kandang, buat timbunan kompos dan putarkannya dengan kerap sehingga penapaian selesai. Proses terperinci adalah seperti di bawah:
Mengumpul baja dan menambah bahan tambahan
Kerja pertama untuk membuat kompos baja haiwan ialah menyediakan bahan mentah. Apabila anda mengumpul baja dari kandang, anda juga boleh mengumpul peralatan tempat tidur yang telah digunakan (yang boleh digunakan sebagai agen pukal dan melaraskan nisbah C/N). Di samping itu, anda boleh menambah beberapa jerami cincang atau habuk papan ke baja. Dan nisbah baja dan penambahan biasanya adalah 3:1. Untuk pengkomposan baja skala besar atau komersial, anda juga perlu menambah strain penapaian tambahan, supaya dapat menjamin kandungan mikroorganisma yang mencukupi semasa pengkomposan. Sementara itu, anda perlu memberi lebih perhatian kepada kelembapan baja, yang secara tidak langsung akan mempengaruhi kandungan oksigen dalam longgokan kompos. Jika kandungan air baja yang dikumpul terlalu tinggi, anda boleh menerima pakai Pemisah baja SEEC untuk mengeluarkan cecair tambahan. Kerana kelembapan yang sesuai untuk pengkomposan adalah 50% ke 60%.
Membuat longgokan kompos
Kedua-dua menimbun bahan mentah di atas tanah dalam barisan panjang dan meletakkannya dalam alur penapaian tersedia. Membuat kompos dalam windrow panjang memerlukan ruang yang lebih besar. Ketinggian windrows berkisar dari 0.6 m ke 1.8 m dan julat lebar dari 2 m ke 3 m. Jika longgokan kompos terlalu kecil, baja sukar dipanaskan dalam masa yang singkat, yang akan mempengaruhi proses pengkomposan dan kualiti kompos. Sebaliknya, anda boleh membina beberapa alur penapaian selari untuk meletakkan sisa organik. Kedalaman bahan dalam alur biasanya adalah 0.8 m, 1.0 m,1.2 m atau 1.5 m. Kerana pemutar kompos penting dalam proses pengkomposan, yang boleh membantu anda menyesuaikan keadaan penapaian. Anda boleh menentukan saiz cerucuk kompos mengikut model pemutar kompos yang anda pilih.
Membalikkan timbunan kompos dengan kerap
Selepas menyusun bahan bersama-sama, pengkomposan bermula. Dalam proses ini, mikroorganisma menghasilkan jumlah haba. Di satu pihak, suhu tinggi bermakna permulaan penapaian yang berjaya. Sebaliknya, suhu yang terlalu tinggi akan menghalang aktiviti mikroorganisma. Oleh itu, kerap menukar longgokan kompos adalah perlu. Pada minggu pertama, aktiviti mikroorganisma adalah kuat, jadi anda perlu menukar bahan mentah 2-3 masa setiap hari. Pada minggu-minggu berikutnya, anda boleh mengurangkan kepada sekali setiap dua hari. Pembalikan longgokan kompos bukan sahaja dapat mencampurkan bahan secara sekata dan menjadikan penapaian lebih lengkap, tetapi juga menambah lebih banyak oksigen untuk aktiviti mikroorganisma. Secara umum, penapaian akan selesai dalam 20 ke 30 hari dengan bantuan peralatan pengkomposan.
Apakah jenis sistem pengkomposan baja yang boleh anda pakai?
Menurut pengalaman kami, cara yang cekap untuk mengompos baja haiwan termasuk membuat timbunan kompos dan vermikompos. Kaedah terdahulu termasuk kompos windrow dan kompos baja haiwan dalam alur penapaian. Dan yang terakhir memerlukan penglibatan cacing tanah.
Windrow Composting & mengompos baja haiwan dalam alur penapaian
Anda boleh menimbun bahan mentah dalam barisan yang panjang, yang senang diatur. Anda perlu menyediakan ruang yang mencukupi mengikut jumlah sisa organik. Bagi menjamin kualiti kompos, lebih baik anda membuat tempat perlindungan jika anda membuat longgokan kompos di udara terbuka. Apa lagi, tanah hendaklah konkrit, yang boleh menyediakan keadaan kerja yang baik untuk pemutar kompos dan berkesan menghalang tanah daripada pencemaran. Dari segi yang terakhir, anda perlu membina alur penapaian, yang terdiri daripada tiga dinding. Alur penapaian biasanya terdiri daripada batu bata dan simen. Berbanding dengan kompos windrow, alur penapaian boleh menjimatkan ruang.
Pengkomposan vermikompos
Anda boleh menyusun bahan mentah bersama-sama dan mencampurkannya dengan sekata. Kemudian, anda harus meletakkan cacing tanah di dalamnya. Dengan pencernaan cacing tanah, bahan organik dalam baja akan menjadi vermikompos yang berharga. Untuk memastikan kemajuan yang lancar, anda harus meletakkan timbunan kompos dengan cacing tanah di bawah perlindungan, and you can also cover it with straws, so as to keep the moisture of compost piles.
Composting manure quickly with SEEC manure composting equipment —large scale/small scale/windrow compost turner
Composting equipment is an important tool in manure composting system. Sebagai baja kepada pengeluar peralatan baja, SEEC produces various kinds of compost turner with different working principles and models. All of them can shorten composting period and improve quality of compost. Now, let us know more about them. And you can choose suitable one to make your own manure composting system.
Large-scale commercial composting equipment with high output
SEEC wheel type compost turner and chain plate type compost turner have higher working efficiency and high output, so they are available for large scale compost production.
- Wheel type compost turner: It is suitable for turning compost pile with large span (as shown in the video). Its working depth can achieve 1.5 m ke 3 m, and its working span can reach 30 m. During working process, you can monitor the compost turner by control cabinet. The tuning wheel adopts high-quality material, which has longer service life and stronger working capacity.
- Chain plate type compost turner: This kind of compost turner works on the fermentation groove, and can finish working for multiple grooves by transfer device. It adopts variable-frequency speed control system, which has a better adaptive ability to different kinds of organic waste. Di samping itu, it can deal with organic waste stacked deeply, and make them contact with air thoroughly. Apa lagi, you can equip it with automatic discharge device, so as to improve working efficiency and provide convenience for subsequent operations.
Small-scale compost turner for farm manure management and small-scale organic fertilizer factory
For farm manure composting and composting work in a small-scale fertilizer factory, we recommend groove type compost turner and forklift type compost turner.
- Pemutar kompos jenis alur: It works on the fermentation grooves. Its main parts include control panel, groove changing device (it can help compost turner move from one groove to other grooves) and electric cable winding wheel. Di samping itu, you can equip it with water spray system, which can add water to compost pile during turning. Tambahan pula, its turning depth usually is 0.8m, 1.0m,1.2m and 1.5m. Its turning teeth adopt 16 Mn, which can turn raw materials evenly and crush caking.
- Forklift type compost turner: Its functions mainly focus on its bucket, which can finish crushing and mixing raw materials. The discharge port at the bottom of bucket adopts hydraulic control, which is easy to operate. You can use it in workshop or in the open air.
Windrow compost turner for composting manure quickly
Windrow composting is one of common manure composting systems. You just need to pile up organic waste in long rows. Sementara itu, space with a shelter will be better. Kemudian, you can adopt windrow compost turner to regularly stir the compost pile, so that you can get quality compost in a short time. Di samping itu, all windrow compost turner use diesel oil as fuel, which can provide more power to the whole machine.
- Crawler type compost turner: It adopts rubber track chassis, which can provide stable support during working. Its humanized design is the driver’s cab, which can separate worker from heat and odor generated from compost pile.
- Self-propelled compost turner: It is also called moving type compost turner. Its four wheels greatly increase its flexibility in operation. Its turning teeth can well turn and crush organic waste, so as to provide favorable environment for fermentation.
Moisture, temperature and oxygen—three essential factors for a successful manure composting system
During aerobic composting, oxygen-consuming bacteria and fungi will consume water, oxygen, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), and produce nutrient-rich humus. Given this, you should strictly control the moisture and oxygen of the compost pile. Sementara itu, amount of heat will be generated during composting because of microorganism activity. Walau bagaimanapun, when the temperature is above 60 degree centigrade, the microorganism will be affected and even inhibited. Thus, you should pay more attention to the three factors.
How to maintain suitable moisture?
The suitable moisture for composting is 50% ke 60%. If you adopt fresh manure with higher moisture (such as manure cleaned by rinsing) to compost, you can adopt solid liquid separator to remove extra liquid. For fresh manure collected directly, you can adjust its moisture by adding some straw, sawdust and other organic wastes with stronger water absorbency. Besides adjusting moisture, as carbon-rich materials, straw and sawdust can also adjust C/N ratio of compost pile. Conversely, if the manure is dry, you need to add some water. One of easy methods for testing moisture is: Catch a handful of manure, if the manure can stick together in a ball without water droplets, that means moisture is suitable.
Adjusting temperature and oxygen content in manure composting system
The adjustment of temperature and oxygen occur during composting. During fermentation, microorganism will consume oxygen to convert organic matters into compost. Sementara itu, this process will produce amount of heat. If the temperature in the compost pile is too high, composting process will be affected due to the decrease of microorganism activity. The efficient method for dealing with this problem is to regularly turn the compost pile. With the turning of raw materials, the involvement of air will increase oxygen content and lower temperature. Apa lagi, this operation can mix raw materials evenly, so as to guarantee thorough fermentation.
Sometimes, other special conditions will appear, for example, there is no definite temperature rise for a long time. In such case, you should exam the moisture, C/N ratio and microorganism content of the compost pile. Too drier organic waste, lower C/N ratio and weaker microorganism activities will inhibit the fermentation.
Systems for you to make commercial organic fertilizer from composted animal manure
Selepas membuat kompos, animal waste becomes nutrient-rich compost. After several days’ stabilization, you can apply it to plants and soil. In addition to personal use, you also can make commercial fertilizer from composted manure. There are two methods to make commercial organic waste. One is powdery organic fertilizer production and the other is granular fertilizer production. They have some differences on production process and manure processing machinery.
Powdery organic fertilizer production: Composting process (Turner kompos) —crushing process (vertical crusher) —proses saringan (rotary screen machine) —packing process (powdery fertilizer bagging machine)
Granular fertilizer production: Composting process (peralatan pengkomposan) —crushing process (penghancur kompos)—proses saringan (compost screen)—proses granulasi (organic fertilizer granulator)—proses saringan (rotary screen machine for selecting out oversized and undersized pellets)—proses pengeringan dan penyejukan (rotary drum drying and cooling machine)—packaging process (fertilizer pellets packing machine).
